Education is a continually developing activity, it shapes the way an individual develops their attitudes, thoughts and behavior. Education is not just about being literate but it is an overall development of the person in every aspect of their lives. A society's educational system can be greatly linked to its culture as the culture that one is in have an affect on the type of curriculum the institutions will develop in order to cater to every individual of that particular culture. Education moulds and shapes a society and it is influenced by the culture of the particular country or society. The educational system acts as a point of reference for the society's needs and demands. The principles that dominate this article is culture and education are interrelated and interconnected. Every educational paradigm is influenced by the culture of the society in which it operates. This essay underlines the extensive connection between culture and education. As a result, the goal of this essay is to depict these features from a Philosophical-Psychological Approach.

Introdution: Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) remains one of the most complex and unresolved aspects of ischemic heart disease that the impact of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on improvement of intensity of ischemic mitral regurgitation is not well clarified. Patients with coronary artery diseases and ischemic mitral regurgitation have a worse prognosis than the patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and those without ischemic mitral regurgitation. We sought to investigate the impact of complete revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention PCI on improvement of IMR in patients with CAD and comparisons of echocardiography indices in patients with and without improvement of ischemic mitral regurgitation. Methods: In this cross sectional retrospective study, echocardiographic reports in pre-percutaneous coronary intervention time and 12 months after PCI of patients with moderate (≥ 2+) ischemic mitral regurgitation who underwent complete revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention from Farvardin 1391 to Esfand 1393 were included in the study. Then, echocardiographic data of the patients with improved ischemic mitral regurgitation compared with the patients with non-improved ischemic mitral regurgitation. Results: Comparison of echocardiographic indices before and after percutaneous coronary intervention revealed that after percutaneous coronary intervention (P = 0. 002) in 15 patients (16%), improvement in ischemic mitral regurgitation was occurred. Also, left ventricular ejection fraction (P = 0. 010), left ventricular end-diastolic (P = 0. 003) and end-systolic diameters (P < 0. 001), wall motion score index (P = 0. 003), left atrial area (P = 0. 001) and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (P = 0. 046) in pre-percutaneous coronary intervention echocardiography were different between improved and none-improved IMR group. Conclusion: Although, percutaneous coronary intervention can lead to improvement of ischemic mitral regurgitation but most patients did not show improvement of ischemic mitral regurgitation after percutaneous coronary intervention. The structural abnormality of left ventricle and atrium were different between improved and none-improved IMR group.

Crisis is a kind of response to the risky events and is actually a response to the risk of each event, which is experienced in the form of a trauma and painful situation. Crisis can be limited to a few hours or lasts till many weeks. Crisis tends to activate the powerful reflections in order to help the person in diminishing the problem and brings the person back to the previous stable position in terms of excitement balance. When the person reaches the excitement balance the crisis is removed. The adjective reflections against crisis activate the potential of crisis growth, but the non-adjective responses or reflections result in deepening of the crisis, degeneration repression and appearance of psychological disorders symptoms. There are different types of crisis. Crisis is classified to different types based on factors like, intensity, type of source, nature and the methods of confronting crisis. One of them is crisis caused by natural disasters. The crisis like divorce, loosing a beloved person, internal torture or punishment, stress, loosing properties, homelessness and immigration are among the types that are mostly caused by natural disasters. Psychological effects of accident crisis are lose, guilt- ulcering, stress and migration. Regardless of the type of crisis they have nearly common specifications, symptoms, phases and confrontation methods (intervention methods).In this article we have tried to compile and supply the most important and basic psychological principles and methods strategies of intervention in crisis with the emphasis on the crisis caused by events and accidents, through relying on scientific resources and utilizing clinical experiences. The method of collecting information is library and clinical. We have tried to recognize, discuss and analyze the inter-venture methods in crisis that are in compliance with the society's cultural situation and related to the crisis caused by events and accidents.

Introduction: Armed conflict is associated with significant long-term psychiatric morbidity. The concept of early psychological intervention in response to traumatic events has been a compelling notion since World War I. The objective of this survey is to assess and provide an approach to psychological problems in war zones.Methods: Psychological interventions to reduce the incidence of psychiatric disorder following psychological trauma may be classified into three categories: 1- Primary prevention includes the selection, preparation and training of individuals likely to be exposed to potentially traumatizing events; 2- Secondary prevention comprises a variety of brief psychological techniques immediately or shortly after traumatizing life events, the best known of which is Psychological Debriefing; and 3- Tertiary interventions consist of the treatment of established PTSD and others.Results: Relying on five principles and devised in World War I, standard intervention for combat stress reaction.Discussion: The end of a mission finishes stress. Being informed about the time of the end of the mission and its related stress elevates ones tolerance. In general, one-year missions reduced the number of psychological traumas.

Background: Despite recent improvement in coronary intervention, there are many controversies about its results in diabetic patients. The goal of this study is comparison of in hospital outcome of diabetics after coronary intervention with nondiabetics.Methods: In this study 115 diabetic and 115non diabetic patients who admitted for coronary intervention in our center during 1383&84 were entered in an analytic study of Cohort type. Datas about clinical, aniographic, procedural and post procedural (24hours) characteristics were entered in each patient’s form. Independent T test,chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used for analyzing datas.Results: The Diabetic Patients were most often older men, and they had higher angina class, more co-risk factors and lower ejection fractions. Diabetic’s lesions were longer and more located in proximal portion of vessels. But success rate, major complication (death, revascularization, Q Wave MI and CVA), and minor complications (coronary/peripheral arteries complication, pulmonary edema, ischemic ECG) had no significant differences between two groups.Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus does not affect short outcomes of coronary intervention as an independent factor. So intervention could be done in these patients with considering favorable outcomes.